摘要：本文中英版本分别首发于《新华社》、《中国日报》Chinese and English versions were originally published on Xinhua News Agency and China DailySHI Y...
本文中英版本分别首发于《新华社》、《中国日报》
Chinese and English versions were originally published on Xinhua News Agency and China Daily
SHI YU / CHINA DAILY
在许多方面，可持续发展就像行船远航：常常，彼岸千里迢遥，航程经年漫长，方位复杂难辨。始料未及的逆风或海浪可能让一切偏离航线，造成毁灭性的后果。然而，只要我们看清正确的航线，即使是最遥不可及的彼岸也终将抵达。
In many ways, sustainable development is perhaps like sailing a ship to a far-away shore: the goals are often distant; the voyage often long; and the coordinates complicated. Unanticipated headwinds or tidal waves can throw everything off course, with devastating consequences. Yet, ultimately, even the most elusive shore is within reach, if we stay the course.
1972年，全球决心携手踏上觉醒之旅，承诺携手保护我们唯一的地球。在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩举办的联合国人类环境会议（以下简称“斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议”）上，国际社会第一次认识到，人类发展与环境状况紧密相连。归根结底，人类的福祉，包括消除贫穷的机会，有赖于与自然的和谐共处。如今，超过一半的世界经济发展和12亿就业机会也有赖于自然。因此，斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议召开五十年后，在政策和实践方面采取行动、保护自然环境不仅仍然必要，甚至变得更加紧迫。
The world’s journey to collectively save our planet began in 1972 in Stockholm, at the UN Conference on the Human Environment, where the international community recognized, for the first time, that human development and the state of our environment were interconnected. The bottom line: people’s wellbeing, including the chance to end poverty, depends on nature remaining stable and in-tact. Today, more than half the global economy and 1.2 billion jobs also depend on nature. So, fifty years on, the urgency of actioning this – in policies and practices – is as pertinent as ever and indeed mounting.
迄今为止，人类进步的代价是气候、生物多样性、空气、水和土壤均遭到破坏。全球升温轨迹预计达到《巴黎协定》确定的努力追求1.5摄氏度全球控温目标的两倍以上，这将导致地球上的很多地方都不适宜人类居住。除此之外，超过100万种物种濒临灭绝，因为栖息地正以前所未有的速度遭到毁坏，其中许多物种可能将在未来数十年内灭绝。人类的生存威胁也愈演愈烈：根据医学期刊《柳叶刀》记载，在过去五年里，全球六分之一的死亡由污染导致，而有害空气和有毒化学物质污染还在加剧。
Until now, human progress has come at the cost of our climate, biodiversity, air, water and soil.We are currently on track to overshoot the 1.5 degrees Paris target by more than double– which would leave much of our planet uninhabitable.More than one million species also face extinction, many within decades, as their world is destroyed at an unprecedented rate. Humankind is also increasingly at risk: according to the Lancet, pollution caused one in six deaths globally for the last five years – with hazardous air and toxic chemical pollution growing.
1972年斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议的亲历者看到，环境挑战与贫困问题紧密相联，为了确保我们的地球可以承载人类发展，它们必须同时得到解决。这一划时代的远见卓识为实现可持续发展目标指明方向：要在2030年前消灭贫困、保护地球。
Those who attended the 1972 Stockholm Conference saw that environmental challenges are interconnected and must be tackled together, along with poverty, to provide for human development that our planet can sustain. Visionary for its time, this idea eventually paved the way for the SDGs: to end poverty and protect the planet by 2030.
50年前的这场具有里程碑意义的会议还促成了联合国环境规划署（UNEP）的建立，同时将每年的6月5日设立为世界环境日。会议推动了中国环境保护事业的启航，包括促成中国第一批专门环境治理机构的成立。
The landmark conference half a century ago also led to the United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) establishment, along with World Environment Day, June 5th. It further shaped China’s environmental journey, including its first dedicated environmental governance institutions.
2020年，中国国家主席习近平作出了在2030年前实现碳达峰、在2060年前实现碳中和的承诺。中国有着庞大的经济体量，同时也是世界最大的温室气体排放国，因此这一“双碳”目标有着巨大的潜力以及影响力。同时，这一目标也使包括太阳能和氢能在内的许多行业在绿色转型中成为关键。
In 2020, President Xi Jinping pledged to peak carbon before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. This dual target has game-changing potential. Given the size of its economy, China is a top emitter. Yet it also leads in many sectors critical to the green transition, including solar and hydrogen power.
将雄心转化为行动，对所有国家都是考验。为达到《巴黎协定》设定的控温目标，在2030年前，我们必须实现全球碳排放量减少45%。同时，我们需要从根本上重塑人类与自然的关系，遏制生物多样性丧失和解决污染问题是应对气候变化的关键，然而不断攀升的气温却导致这些问题进一步恶化。
Turning ambition into action will test all countries.To keep the Paris target within reach, we must collectivelycut carbon emissions by 45 percentby 2030. We also need to fundamentally reshape our relationship with nature – by halting biodiversity loss and pollution – which are further exacerbated by rising temperatures, while also key to fighting climate change.
全球需采取三项行动以达成目标。
Three actions are needed globally to achieve this.
首先，气候变化不分国界，因此我们必须加强国际合作。
Firstly, we must strengthen international cooperation, as climate change transcends borders.
这包括按计划今年秋季在昆明举行的联合国《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会（COP15）第二阶段会议上，需要通过一个有雄心的、可衡量的、有针对性的《2020年后全球生物多样性框架》，以及将于11月在埃及召开的第27届联合国气候变化大会上，在快速实现经济脱碳方面作出更具体的承诺也同样关键。最近，联合国开发计划署（UNDP）和联合国环境规划署（UNEP）联合举办了“斯德哥尔摩+50”中国利益相关方对话会，其间政策制定者、商业领袖、学者和青年代表齐聚一堂。各方再次倡议加强国际合作，包括加强国际最佳实践分享，以及合作开发并转移绿色技术。
This includes agreeing on an ambitious, measurable and targeted post-2020 global biodiversity frameworkat COP-15 in Kunming later this year.More concrete commitments on rapidly decarbonizing our economiesat the Climate COP27 in Egypt in November will also be critical. At the recent Stockholm +50 National Consultations in China supported by UNDP and UNEP – consisting of dialogues between policymakers, business leaders, researchers and youth – participants encouraged greater South-South and North-South cooperation. This includes increasing international best-practice sharing, as well as cooperation in developing and transferring green technology.
第二，我们必须扩大和鼓励可持续金融。
Secondly, we must enlarge and incentivize sustainable financing.
受疫情影响，用于实现2030年可持续发展目标的全球资金缺口飙升至100万亿美元。这意味着为了应对气候变化、贫穷及其它关键挑战，每年有约10万亿美元的资金短缺。填补这一缺口要求每年至少将全球经济产出的10%投入清洁能源、自然保护、环保教育和其他重要领域。尽管这是一笔巨额投资，但其经济意义是十分清晰的：毕竟，在一个气候灾难愈演愈烈，资源短缺问题严重，社会契约土崩瓦解的情况下，没有一家企业可以平稳并可持续发展。相反地，自然友好型经济将在2030年前创造出每年超10万亿美元的全新商业价值，同时在世界范围内增加3.95亿个就业机会。为实现这一目标，我们的“斯德哥尔摩+50”中国利益相关方对话会鼓励健全金融法规，将绿色金融标准化，强制执行环境信息披露，同时增加货币激励和抑制手段。对话会还建议进一步强化对创新金融工具的指导方案（例如：发行与可持续发展目标挂钩的债券），用以推动绿色转型。
The global finance gap to meet the SDGs by 2030 soared during the pandemic to $100 trillion. This represents an approximately $10 trillion annual shortfall for fighting climate change, poverty and other critical challenges. Bridgingthis requires redirecting at least 10 percent of global economic output every year towards clean energy, conservation, education and other vital areas. While this is a sizable investment, it makes clear economic sense: after all, no business can be stable and lasting in a future of escalating climate-linked disasters, resource scarcity and broken social contracts. Conversely, a nature-positive economy couldcreate more than 10 trillion dollars annually in new business value by 2030, adding 395 million jobs worldwide. To realise this, our China National Stockholm +50 consultations recommended enhancing financial regulations to standardize green finance; making environmental disclosures mandatory; as well as increasing monetary incentives and dis-incentives. They also suggested that guidelines for innovating financial tools (e.g. SDG-linked bonds) be further strengthened, to incentivise the green transition.
第三，在向低碳、自然友好型经济转型的过程中，确保公平公正和包容性至关重要，即同时保护人类与地球。
Thirdly, it is crucial to ensure that the transition to a low carbon, nature-positive economy is also just and inclusive – protecting people and our planet together.
参与“斯德哥尔摩+50”中国利益相关方对话会的专家们表示，关键是要把环境资源转化为创收机会。一个例子就是促进生态旅游业发展：在三江源国家公园，非政府组织“山水自然保护中心”与农村合作社一起，为当地居民提供免费导游培训。许多牧民变成了导游，组织雪豹自然观察旅行，收入提高的同时也支持了环境保护事业。在大熊猫保护区，一项生态农业项目已扩大至鼓励生态养蜂。赋能当地社区并引导社区参与环境保护工作，同时确保他们能够从中获益，这些都是高效、长久的自然保护工作的关键。
Panelists at the national Stockholm +50 consultations remarked that the key is in turning environmental resources into income-generating opportunities. For example, promoting eco-tourism – in Sanjiangyuan National Park, the NGO “ShanShui Conservation Center” together with rural cooperatives offered free guide training to locals. Many herders have become guides and now organize snow leopard tours, earning higher incomes, while supporting conservation. In the Giant Panda Protected area, an eco-agriculture program was expanded to encourage ecological beekeeping. Involving and empowering local communities in environmental protection efforts, as well as ensuring they benefit, is vital for effective, lasting nature protection.
“斯德哥尔摩+50”利益相关方对话会在世界各国相继召开， 为6月2日在瑞典召开，为期二天的“斯德哥尔摩+50”全球峰会预热。这些国别会议将社会各界人士召集在一起，各抒己见，为实现可持续发展目标注入新的活力。会议成果涵盖各国在气候和自然方面作出的承诺。联合国开发计划署、联合国环境规划署以及整个联合国系统将利用其循证决策、技术建议和多边平台，为他们提供支持。
As Stockholm +50 national consultations take place around the world – culminating in anniversary celebrations at a high-level summit in Sweden on 2-3 June – it is hoped they will add urgent momentum to the SDGs, by bringing all of society together, including political, business and youth leaders. Outcomes should include national commitments on climate and nature. UNDP, UNEP and the whole UN system stand ready to support them, with evidence-based decision-making, technical advice and multilateral platforms.
50年前，参加斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议的各国代表初次认识到，我们“只有一个地球”。如今，我们更加迫切地认识到，只有立即行动起来，才能携手践行保护地球的承诺，让人类和地球上的所有生灵都共享一个美好的未来。
50 years ago, delegates recognized we have Only One Earth. Together, we can fulfil the promise of protecting it, so that a future for humankind and all the earth’s creatures is viable – but only if we act today.
本文由联合国开发计划署驻华代表白雅婷、联合国环境规划署驻华代表涂瑞和共同撰写。
by Beate Trankmann, UNDP Resident Representative in China and TU Ruihe, Head of UNEP China Office
In Case You Don"t Know...
联合国开发计划署：作为联合国最大的全球发展网络，联合国开发计划署在世界范围内超过170个国家和地区开展工作，致力于减少贫困、消除不平等，实现包容性与可持续发展。我们协助各国优化政策制定、增强协作能力与制度建设能力，并提高各国的适应能力，从而实现可持续发展目标。
四十年以来，联合国开发计划署与中国政府合作推动不同历史阶段的优先发展领域，始终走在发展工作的最前沿，与中国并肩携手，共同探索可持续发展路径，并通过与中国的全球合作在世界范围落实可持续发展目标。
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